El Tipo de Cambio Real Efectivo (TCRE-CqP) bajó en diciembre a 160,8 con base Dic-01=100. Esto implica una caída del 4,1% contra noviembre y del 17,4% contra diciembre de 2009.
Éste es también el nivel más bajo desde diciembre de 2001.
"Que dos y dos sean necesariamente cuatro, es una opinión que muchos compartimos. Pero si alguien sinceramente piensa otra cosa, que lo diga. Aquí no nos asombramos de nada." (Antonio Machado)
Hace cuatro años el secretario de Comercio Interior, Guillermo Moreno, intervino el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (Indec) y, desde entonces, nada volvió a ser lo mismo en el organismo. Entre el índice de precios al consumidor (IPC) que calculó para enero de 2007 -el primero que subestimó groseramente las subas- y el que publicó hace 10 días, que corresponde a diciembre de 2010, el Indec escondió bajo la alfombra más de 80 puntos de inflación, según los cálculos de varios economistas consultados por La Nacion.
Así, mientras la inflación real se ubicó en más del 120% en el período 2007-2010, para el Indec los precios sólo se movieron un 39 por ciento en ese lapso.
The Dec CPI index both headline and core have hit record highs. Thus, our absolute cost of living has never been greater. [...] Bottom line, with the record high in some commodity indices, we’ve hit a point where inflation is here and while the Fed only cares if it spills into higher consumer prices, wholesale inflation matters to company profit margins.
But, as we know from experience, there is life after debt restructuring. No one would wish the trauma that Argentina went through in 1999-2002 on any other country. But the country also suffered in the years before the crisis – years of IMF bailouts and austerity –from high unemployment and poverty rates and low and negative growth.
Since the debt restructuring and currency devaluation, Argentina has had years of extraordinarily rapid GDP growth, with the annual rate averaging nearly 9%from 2003 to 2007. By 2009, national income was twice what it was at the nadir of the crisis, in 2002, and more than 75% above its pre-crisis peak.
Likewise, Argentina’s poverty rate has fallen by some three-quarters from its crisis peak, and the country weathered the global financial crisis far better than the US did –unemployment is high, but still only around 8%. We could only conjecture what would have happened if it had not postponed the day of reckoning for so long – or if it had tried to put it off further.
Chile’s performance may be disappointing, but in 2009 Chile did the best of all Latin American countries (Chile was a little behind Uruguay in math), and much better than Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico (except again in math where Chile did about the same as Mexico), even though Argentina has a much longer tradition of emphasizing education.
(...) Despite all the qualifications, scores on standardized tests, like the PISA tests, are much more effective ways to compare student achievements in different countries than are average years of schooling and other measures of school years completed.
International comparisons are tricky, as Becker points out, but the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment), which tests 15-year-olds for proficiency in reading, math, and science by well designed standard tests conducted in thousands of schools all over the world, is a careful and responsible program, the results of which deserve to be taken seriously.
(...) Analysis of the PISA results has revealed some other interesting facts. One is that higher teacher salaries dominate small class size as a factor in high PISA scores. This is a reassuring finding because it suggests that secondary school education can be improved at no net increase in cost, since higher teacher salaries are offset by larger classes—if class size is raised in proportion to increases in teacher salaries, there is no net increase in the school’s cost, and there should actually be a reduction in cost in the long term because a reduction in the number of classrooms reduces the size and therefore cost of a school even if each classroom is larger. Another reassuring finding, in light of all the agitation over charter schools and voucher systems, is that private schools on average do not outperform public schools after adjusting for the quality of students upon entrance and that competition for students does not seem to improve average performance either. Of course these are generalizations across many countries and America’s individualistic culture may not fit them.